Types of Lumbar Disk Surgery

You have a problem caused by a disk in your lower back. This disk problem may be fixed with a diskectomy. This is the surgical removal of a part of a disk. The disk is a cushion found between the vertebrae of your backbone. There are 3 main types of diskectomy. Each has risks and benefits. Generally, this surgery may be an option when conservative treatment has not helped after 6 to 8 weeks or you have muscle weakness, new or worsening neurological problems, or loss of bladder or bowel control. Your surgeon will advise the type that's best for your back and your health:

• Standard open diskectomy. A cut (incision) is made in the middle of the back. To see and reach the damaged disk, the surgeon then removes some of the ligament and bone material or all of the lamina. Once the disk is exposed, the surgeon removes the part of the disk that's pressing on a nerve, thereby alleviating pain.

• Microdiskectomy. This surgery is much like the “standard” diskectomy. However, the incision is usually smaller and the surgeon uses an operating microscope or special glasses to magnify, highlight, and view the disk. This is usually done when the symptoms are caused by only one intervertebral disk.

• Percutaneous or endoscopic diskectomy. This is an outpatient procedure. This means it usually doesn’t need an overnight hospital stay. The surgeon uses X-ray pictures, a small tube with a camera (endoscope), and a video screen to help reach and fix the damaged disk. An open surgical procedure with a larger incision may be required if there are disk herniations at more than one level. This method uses smaller incisions which causes less scarring and a shorter recovery time.

During a diskectomy, the surgeon removes part of a damaged disk.