Pregnancy and Childbirth: Fetal Growth Restriction

Causes of fetal growth restriction

Fetal growth restriction happens when a baby doesn't get enough oxygen and nutrition in the uterus. It's also called intrauterine growth restriction. Possible causes are certain health problems in the mother such as:

• High blood pressure

• Heart disease

• Kidney disease

Other possible causes include the baby having:

• A genetic disorder

• An infection

This condition is much more likely if the mother:

• Smokes

• Drinks

• Abuses drugs

• Is pregnant with more than 1 baby

Diagnosing fetal growth restriction

Your healthcare provider may use ultrasound exams to check your baby's growth.

During routine visits, you and your baby are closely watched. This is done with ultrasound tests. The height of your uterus (fundal height) is also measured. A baby with fetal growth restriction will have smaller ultrasound and fundal height measurements. Doppler ultrasound is used to measure how well the placenta is working. You may have a test (amniocentesis) to look for a genetic problem or infection. It tests a fluid sample taken from around the baby (amniotic fluid).

Treating fetal growth restriction

The growth of a baby with fetal growth restriction will continue to be closely watched. Any treatment depends on the cause. If the mother smokes, drinks, or uses drugs, stopping is vital. In other cases, treatments may include:

• Bed rest. This helps increase blood flow to the placenta.

• Self-care. Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet with a calorie intake that is advised for a pregnant woman. Keep all your prenatal visits with your healthcare provider.

• Medicines. These treat health problems such as high blood pressure.

• Early delivery. This may be needed if the baby’s health is in danger.

Talk with your healthcare provider about the best treatment for you and your baby.

Long-term concerns

A baby diagnosed with fetal growth restriction may have health problems after birth. These include trouble fighting infections or keeping a normal body temperature. With treatment and close follow-up, babies may catch up in growth. In some cases, babies have long-term health problems. Your healthcare provider can tell you more.